TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• INTRODUCTION AND APPROACH
• DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DRUGS IN DRIVERS
• EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH
• COUNTERMEASURES FOR DRUG-IMPAIRED DRIVING

1 - INTRODUCTION

2 - METHOD

• ISSUES
• SOURCES OF LITERATURE
• LITERATURE SEARCH PROCEDURES

3 - DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DRUGS

• INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
• GENERAL METHODS AND SPECIMENS FOR DRUG SCREENING
  • Blood Testing
  • Oral Fluid (Saliva) Testing
  • Sweat Testing
  • Hair Testing
  • Urinalysis

• DRUG SCREENING TECHNOLOGY
• THE FUTURE IN DETECTING DRUGS IN DRIVERS
• SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

4 - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

• INTRODUCTION
• NARCOTICS
• CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS
• CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS
• CANNABIS
• ANTIDEPRESSANTS
• ANTIHISTAMINES
• OTHER DRUGS
• SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

5 - EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH

• INTRODUCTION
• DRUGS IN CRASH-INVOLVED DRIVERS
• DRUGS IN NON-CRASHED, ON-THE-ROAD DRIVERS
• DRUG-CRASH RISK
• DRUGS IN DRIVERS STOPPED OR ARRESTED FOR TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS
• SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

6 - COUNTERMEASURES FOR DRUG-IMPAIRED DRIVING

• INTRODUCTION
• DISCUSSION
  • Countermeasure Programs in the United States
  • Countermeasure Programs in Other Countries

• SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

7 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DRUGS IN DRIVERS
• EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH
• COUNTERMEASURES FOR DRUG-IMPAIRED DRIVING

REFERENCES

FIGURES

Figure 5-1: Percent of Fatally Injured Drivers Tested Positive for Various Drugs -
Reviewed North American Studies

Figure 5-2: Mean Percent of Fatally Injured Drivers Tested Positive for Various Drugs -
Reviewed North American and Foreign Studies

Figure 5-3: Mean Percent of Drivers Tested Positive for Various Drugs by Type of Injury -
Reviewed North American Studies

Figure 5-4: Relative Crash Risk of Various Drugs by Type of Study Averaged Across Reviewed Studies

Figure 5-5: Percentage of Drug-Positive Drivers Among Drivers Stopped or Arrested for DUID by Country

TABLES

Table 3-1: Characteristics of a Method to Detect and Measure Drugs in Body Fluids^a